Descargar historia de bolivia de carlos mesa pdf editor
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Calancha says that Caxica was born in the village of Pucarani and that he, Calancha, had seen thirty-two books written by Caxica. Enrique Finot believed that the works of a Juan de Caxica “have probably disappeared.” It is the Augustinian Father Antonio de la Calancha (1584-1654) who tells us that Caxica “wrote more books than anyone else in the world.” They were written in Spanish, Aymará, Quechua, and Chinchaisuyo.
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There are strong possibilities that the most competent Upper Peruvian historians have not reached posterity. This lack of trained historians has always existed and goes as far back as the beginnings of the colonial period of Bolivia, then called Charcas, or Upper Peru. 3 Unfortunately, this emphasis on historical analysis has one basic shortcoming, because of the absence of well-researched Bolivian history such as had been done by René-Moreno.
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As a matter of fact, history is the key to the modern Bolivian Revolution, and this is always recognized by the revolutionary leaders as well as the opposition. For example, the whole movement of indigenismo or indianismo, 2 which is intimately concerned with Bolivian nationalism and socialism, even with communism, has its roots in historical analyses. This is poor history, based on ever-incorrect sources, but it possesses a deep political significance that has shaped a new social and economic structure in Bolivia. This accounts for the second feature, which is a superabundance in Bolivia of interpretive, social history based on secondary historical sources. Toynbee is far better known and more popular in Bolivia than René-Moreno. The provincially educated Bolivian representing the dying aristocracy, the dynamic middle class, and the economically ever-rising proletariat are all fascinated by either cheap literature or writing of a social nature which includes interpretive history. But because these true research historians are so few, René-Moreno’s contribution to Bolivia’s history and letters is little known in his own country. Before René-Moreno there was no true historian, and after his death the research historians such as Humberto Vázquez-Machicado (1904-1958), Gunnar Mendoza (1915-), Guillermo Ovando Sanz (1917-), and others, praised and imitated him. These historiographic rarities rotate around the giant of Bolivian history-indeed of Bolivian letters-Gabriel René-Moreno (1836-1908). First, true research historians as we understand them-men who use primary sources, who work in archives, who acknowledge these sources in their writings-are extremely few, less than a half dozen. B olivian historiography is characterized by two basic features.